CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Sociology Set 7 with Solutions

Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Sociology with Solutions Set 7 are designed as per the revised syllabus.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Sociology Set 7 with Solutions

Time Allowed: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions :

All questions are compulsory except where internal choice has been given.

1. The question paper is divided into four sections.
2. There are 38 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
3. Section A includes question No. 1-20. These are MCQ type questions. As per the question, there can be one answer.
4. Section B includes question No. 21-29. These are very short answer type questions carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
5. Section C includes question No. 30-35. They are short answer type questions carrying 4marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 80 words.
6. Section D includes question No. 36-38. They are long answer type questions carrying 6 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 200 words each. Question no. 36 is to be answered with the help of the given graphics.
7. Question no. 37 is to be answered with the help of the given passage.

Section A
Section A consists of 20 questions of 1 mark each

Question 1.
In the question below, there are two statements marked Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct options. (1)

Assertion (A) Men migrate out periodically in search of work and better wages.
Reason (R) Commercialisation of agriculture has led to the growth of migrant agricultural labour.
Codes
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct

Question 2.
How did the British understand the ‘caste system’s complexity? (1)
(a) Interview
(b) Survey
(c) Participant observation
(d) Interview and participant observation explanation of (A)
Answer:
(b) Survey

Question 3.
In the question below, there are two statements marked Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct options. (1)
Assertion (A) When Raja Rammohun Roy campaigned against Sati and formed the Brahmo Samaj, defenders of Sati formed Dharma Sabha and petitioned the British not to legislate against Sati.
Reason (R) While social movements seek to bring in social change, counter movements sometimes arise in defence of status quo.
Codes
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) ‘Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Question 4.
To ensure their political control, the white European minority developed the policy of …… (1)
(a) assimilation
(b) population control
(c) integration
(d) apartheid
Answer:
(d) apartheid

Question 5.
In the question below, there are two statements marked Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct options. (1)

Assertion (A) Raja Rammohun Roy was the founder of Brahmo Samaj movement in 1828.
Reason (R) His influence was apparent in fields of politics, public administration and education as well as religion.
Codes
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Question 6.
After 1990, the Government of India has followed a policy of liberalisation. Under this policy, the private companies, especially foreign firms, were encouraged to invest in sectors which were earlier reserved only for the government, including telecom, civil aviation, power, etc. Read the above mentioned statements and mention the term that is used to call when the government tried to sell its share in several public sector companies. (1)
(a) Industrialisation
(b) Disinvestment
(c) De-colonisation
(d) Globalisation
Answer:
(b) Disinvestment

Question 7.
Minority in the sociological sense can be defined by ……. (1)
(a) Privilege
(b) Only numerical distinction
(c) Solidarity due to experience of disadvantage
(d) Individualism
Answer:
(c) Solidarity due to experience of disadvantage

Question 8.
In Contract farming, the company identifies the …….. to be grown, provides the …… and other inputs as well as ….. technical know-how. (1)
(a) grass, money
(b) crops, seeds
(c) crops, money
(d) seeds, money
Answer:
(b) crops, seeds

Question 9.
Which of the following statements is correct about the second phase of Green Revolution in India? (1)
(a) The second phase of the Green Revolution was introduced only in semi-arid regions of India.
(b) The second phase of the Green Revolution was introduced in dry and semi-arid regions of India.
(c) The second phase of the Green Revolution was introduced in rice and wheat regions of India.
(d) The second phase of the Green Revolution introduced only in South India.
Answer:
(b) The second phase of the Green Revolution was introduced in dry and semi-arid regions of India.

Question 10.
The emergence of machine production based on the inanimate power resources like steam and electricity is known as ……… (1)
(a) Globalisation
(b) Capitalism
(c) Colonialism
(d) Industrialisation
Answer:
(d) Industrialisation

Question 11.
In the question below, there are two statements marked Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct options. (1)

Assertion (A) The principal reasons for the decline in the death rate after 1921 were increased levels of control over famines and epidemic diseases.
Reason (R) The major epidemic diseases in the past were fevers of various sorts, plague, smallpox and cholera.
Codes
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Question 12.
In the question below, there are two statements marked Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct options. (1)

Assertion (A) Although ‘national integration is a constant theme in state policy, India has not been ‘integrationist’.
Reason (R) The Constitution declares the state to be a secular state, but religion, language and other such factors are not banished from the public sphere.
Codes
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (Aj) is true, but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Question 13.
‘When we say India is a nation of great cultural diversity, we mean that there are many different types of social groups and communities living here’. The term diversity stands for …….. (1)
(a) neither differences nor inequality
(b) difference rather than equalities
(c) difference and inequality both
(d) inequalities rather than equalities
Answer:
(b) difference rather than equalities

Question 14.
In the question below, there are two statements marked Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the.correct options. (1)

Assertion (A) Social mobility is the movement of individuals or groups from one social stratum to another.
Reason (R) The degree to which systems of stratification are open or closed depends on the extent of social mobility.
Codes
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but R is not the. correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Question 15.
In the question below, there are two statements marked Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct options.Prejudices are often grounded in stereotypes, fixed and inflexible characterisations of a group of people. Stereotypes are often applied to ethnic and racial groups and to women. In a country such as India, which was colonised for a long time, many of these stereotypes are partly colonial creations.(1)

Assertion (A) Prejudices refer to pre-conceived opinions or attitudes held by members of one group towards another. Reason (R) A prejudiced person’s preconceived views are often based on hearsay rather than on direct evidence, and are resistant to change even in the face of new information.
Codes
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but R is not the. correct explanation of (A)
(e) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Question 16.
In the question below, there are two statements marked Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct options. (1)

Assertion (A) The world communalism in indian context refers to aggressive chauvinism based on religious identity .
Reason (R) Chauvinism is an attitude that see one’s group as the only legitimate or worthy group ,with other groups being seen as inferior .illegitimate and opposed .
Codes
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but R is not the. correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Question 17.
A falling dependency ratio can be a source of economic growth and prosperity due to the larger proportion of workers relative to non-workers. This is sometimes referred to as the …… (1)
(a) demographic dividend
(b) demographic change
(c) population growth
(d) dependency ratio
Answer:
(a) demographic dividend

Question 18.
…….. is the non-state and non-market part of the public domain in which individuals get together voluntarily to create institutions and organisations.
(a) Exclusive society
(b) Civil society
(c) Egalitarian society
(d) Cooperative society
Answer:
(b) Civil society

Question 19.
Who founded the Textile Labour Association (TLA) in the year 1918 in India? (1)
(a) B P Wadia
(b) Ballabhbhai Patel
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) W Giri
Answer:
(c) Mahatma Gandhi

Question 20.
………. is/are important components of employment opportunity. (1)
(a) Self-employment
(b) Organisational job
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b)

Section B
Section B consists of 9 questions of 2 marks each

Question 21.
Based on the given passage, answer the following question.
It is true that several Indians from certain social and economic strata were the first to Access an English education. Many of them later constituted the intelligentsia of our society. We refer to many of them as social reformers, such as Raja Rammohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Pandita Ramabai, Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve. They worked for religious, social, and educational reform in Indian society. Such visionaries of society continue even in the post-Independence era, to the present time. Based on the given passage, explain the role of education in the transformation of society at the micro-level. (2)
Or
Education changes the outlook and traditional approach towards social and economic problems. It sharpens the skills, and knowledge of the children. Technical education helps in the process of industrialisation which helps to bring a vast change in society. Explain the impact of the introduction of a new education system by the British on Indian society. (2)
Answer:
The role of education is effective to bring change at the individual level i.e., micro-level. Education can initiate social changes by bringing about a change in the outlook and attitude of man. It can bring about a change in the pattern of social relationships and thereby it may cause social changes education has brought about phenomenal changes in every aspect of men’s life.

According to the new liberal education policy introduced by the British, education was not restricted to special sections of society. The spread of secular based education widened the minds of the people living in India. Well-educated Indians were influenced by Western values. They recognised that various customs and traditions were unjust and unfair. Therefore, they started various religious and social movements to reform Indian society.

Question 22.
What are the objectives of disinvestment?
Answer:
The main objectives of disinvestment in India are as follows:

1. Improving public finances
2. Lowering government’s fiscal burden
3. Allowing higher private ownerships
4. Promoting and maintaining competition in the market
5. Funding programmes for growth.and development

Question 23.
What does the term ‘adivasi’ mean and who are the tribal people? Explain. (2)
Answer:
The term ‘adivasi’ is commonly known as ‘indigenous people’ or ‘original inhabitants’. It was a part of the struggle against the intrusion by the colonial government and outside settlers and money lenders.
In Indian subcontinent, generally tribal people are known as ‘adivasi’. The term is a modern Sanskrit word coined in the 1930s by tribal political activists to give an indigenous identity to tribal people by claiming indigenous origin.

Question 24.
What are the significant effects of the large scale circulation of labour on rural society? Explain. (2)
Answer:
Some significant effects of the large scale circulation of labour on rural society are as follows:

1. Cultivation has become a female task, as male family members spend much of the year working outside of their village.
2. Women are also emerging as the main source of agricultural labour, leading to ‘feminisation of agriculture labour force’.

Question 25.
The characteristic feature of modern era is the establishment of democracy and nationalism as dominant source of political legitimacy. Elaborate.
Answer:
The characteristic feature of modern era is the establishment of democracy and nationalism as dominant source of political legitimacy. This means that, today ‘the nation’ is the most accepted justification for a state, while ‘the people’ are the ultimate source of legitimacy of nation. In other words, states need the nation as much as nations need states.

Question 26.
‘The 19th century social reform attempts marked the modern context and mix of ideas’. Interpret the given statement. (2)
Answer:
The 19th century social reform attempts marked the modern context and mix of ideas in following ways

1. It was a creative combination of modern ideas of western liberalism and a new look on traditional literature.
2. Raja Rammohun Roy attacked the practice of sati on the basis of both appeals to humanitarian and national rights doctrines as well as Hindu shastras.

Question 27.
How Sanskritisation is a gender process?(2)
Answer:
Sanskritisation is a gender process as it affects men and women differently, as men belonging to lower caste can uplift their position but women will be more dis-empowered. It choose a traditional way of living for women while a more liberalistic way of living for men. It allowed men to go out of their houses, to become more educated. But it also taught women to live their lives by being women of the house.

Question 28.
Write a brief note on Savitribai Phule in context of Indian social reforms. (2)
Answer:
Savitribai Phule was an Indian social reformer, educationalist and poet from Maharashtra. She played a significant role in improving women’s rights in India. She was the first head mistress of the country’s first school for girls in Pune, She devoted her life to educating Shudras and Ati-Shudras. She started a night school for agricultural workers an,d labourers.

Question 29.
Certain resistance to change is there everywhere. In no society, all the changes are welcomed by the people without questioning and resistance. To some extent, the removal of evil practices such as child marriage, human sacrifice, animal sacrifice, untouchability, taboos on inter-caste marriages, etc., could be achieved after a long struggle in India. Due to ignorance people often oppose new changes. Habit is another obstacle to social change. Individuals are very much influenced by habits and customs. People dislike or fear the unfamiliar. They are not ready to give up a practice to which they have been habituated and adopt a new one. Hence, the new practice is looked down upon or rejected which leads to social harmony.
How does the social movement arise in society? (2)
Or
In what ways do you think the social movement is beneficial for society? (2)
Answer:
Social movements arise in the society when certain issues bring unrest and discontent like unwanted social
order and outdated norms like early child marriage, women emancipation, human rights, LGBT rights, etc in ‘ the society. At this junction groups of people organise themselves, raise their voices and feelings and opinions set to influence the opinion and emotions of others, and prepare for reform.
Or
Social movement is beneficial for society as through social movement, various issues have been raised, which has brought changes. It has changed the mindset, attitudes and, behaviour patterns for instance women’s education, acceptance of transgender, etc. As a social movement gains momentum, greater awareness is created in society. Social movements can stimulate critical thinking about social issues in the wider society of which we are apart.

Section C
Section C consists of 6 questions of 4 marks each

Question 30.
What are some of the rules that caste system imposes? (4)
Or
In what sense has caste become relatively invisible for the urban upper castes? (4)
Answer:
The most commonly rules that the caste system imposes are as follows:

1. Caste is determined by birth, a child is born into the caste of its parents. It is never a matter of choice.
2. Membership in a caste involves strict rules about marriage. Caste groups are endogamous i.e. marriage is restricted to members of the group.
3. Caste involves a system consisting of many castes arranged in a hierarchy of rank and status.
4. Caste also involves sub-divisions within themselves, i.e. castes almost always have sub-castes which may also have sub-sub-castes.

Or
The caste system in the contemporary period has tended to become invisible for the upper caste, urban middle and upper classes. These groups have benefitted the most from the developmental policies of the post-colonial era and so the caste has appeared to decline its significance for them. Their caste status had been crucial in ensuring that these groups had the necessary economic and educational resources to take full advantage of the opportunities offered by rapid development.

In particular, the upper caste were able to take benefit from subsidised public education, especially professional education in science, technology, medicine and management. At the same time, they were also able to take advantage of the expansion of state sector jobs in the early decades after Independence.

Value Points
Forgetting maximum marks, following value points can be included in the answer

1. Advantages and benefits to upper castes from developmental policies
2. Advantages to upper castes from education and t state sector jobs

Question 31.
Write a brief note on ‘ascriptive identity’.
Or
‘Assimilationist and integrationist strategies try to establish singular national identities through various interventions.’ Explain. (4)
Ascriptive identity refers to that community identity which is based on birth and ‘belonging’ rather than some form of acquired qualifications or ‘accomplishment’. They are determined by the accidents of birth and do not involve any choice on the part of the individuals concerned.

It is an odd fact of social life that people feel a deep sense of security and satisfaction in belonging to communities in which their membership is entirely accidental. Most ascriptive identities are very hard to shake off, even if we choose to disown them, others may continue to identify us by those very markers of belonging.
Or
Assimilationist and integrationist strategies try to establish singular national identities through various interventions that in the following ways

1. Centralising all power to forums where the dominant group constitutes a majority and eliminating the autonomy of local or minority groups.
2. Imposing a unified legal and judicial system based on the dominant group’s traditions and abolishing alternative systems used by other groups.
3. Adopting the dominant group’s language as the only official ‘national’ language and making its use mandatory in all public institutions.
4. Promotion of the dominant group’s language and culture through national institutions including state-controlled media and educational institutions.
5. Adoption of state symbols celebrating the dominant group’s history, heroes and culture, reflected in such things as choice of national holidays or naming of streets, etc.

Question 32.
How was rural social structure altered by agricultural development during the 1960s and 1970s in India? (4)
Answer:
The rural social structure was altered by agricultural development in the 1960s and 1970s through in the following ways:

1. Enrichment of the medium and large farmers who adopted new technologies.
2. In several agriculturally rich regions, such as coastal Andhra Pradesh, Western Uttar Pradesh and Central Gujarat, well to do farmers belonging to the dominant castes began to invest their profits from agriculture in other types of business ventures.
3. The process of diversification gave rise to new entrepreneurial groups that moved from rural areas to growing towns of these developing regions, giving rise to new regional elites that became economically and politically dominant.
4. The spread of higher education, especially private professional colleges, in rural and semi-urban areas, allowed the new rural elites to educate their children many of whom then joined professional organisations or white collar occupations or started business.

Question 33.
‘Social exclusion is not accidental but systematic. It is a result of structural features of society.’ Justify your answer with an example. (4)
Answer:
It is true that, social exclusion is not accidental but systematic. It is a result of structural features of society. It is involuntary and it is practiced regardless of the wishes of those who are excluded. For example, we will never see rich people sleeping on pavements or under the bridges like thousands of homeless poor people in cities and towns. This does not mean that the rich are being ‘excluded’ from access to pavements and park benches because they could certainly gain access if they wanted to, but they choose not to.

Social exclusion is wrongly justified by the same logic it is said that the excluded group itself does not wish to participate. The truth of such an argument is not obvious when we say that exclusion is preventing access to something desirable. Prolonged experience of discriminatory or insulting behaviour often produces a reaction that socially excluded people may no longer desire to be included.

Question 34.
What are the changes of Colonialism on caste institution of India? (4)
Answer:
The institution of caste in India underwent major changes during the colonial period. Some of the changes in caste system are as follows:

1. The study of the social hierarchies and the discriminatory patterns was done exclusively by British scholars to govern India.
2. Colonial state has an intervention of land revenue settlement and related arrangements and law to give legal recognition to the customary rights to the upper caste.
3. By the end of colonial period, the administration also took a new shape in the welfare of the caste, referred as Depressed Class’ of its time.
4. Government of India Act, 1935 gave legal recognition to caste with the name of ‘Schedule’. This marked the emergence of ‘Schedule caste’ and ‘Schedule tribe’

Question 35.
Write a brief note on the Global Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919, also known as ‘Spanish Flu’. (4)
Answer:
Global Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919, also known as ‘Spanish Flu’, was the most infamous pandemic which affected large parts of the world population. It is believed that this pandemic killed at least 40 million people in 1918-1919. The global mortality rate from the 1918/1919 Spanish flu pandemic is not known, but is estimated at 2.5 – 5% of the human population, with 20% of the world population suffering from the disease to some extent.

The influenza pandemic of 1918 killed more than 50 ‘million people and caused more than 500 million infections worldwide. In the military camps and trenches during the First World War, the influenza pandemic struck millions of soldiers all over the world. It became the second deadliest pandemic in human history after the Black Death bubonic plague of 1346-1353 AD. By 1920, the virus that caused the pandemic evolved to become much less deadly and subsequently caused only ordinary seasonal flu.

Section D
Section D consists of 3 questions of 6 marks each

Question 36.
On the basis of the bar graph, answer the following questions. (6)

(a) What was the percentage of decennial growth rate of the urban population in 1951 and 2001? (2)
(b) What does the graph show in relation to percentage share of urban population? (2)
(c) What does the term ‘industrialisation’ and ‘urbanisation’ imply? (2)
Answer:
(a) The urban population grew at a decennial rate of 41.42 per cent in 1951 and 31.80 per cent in 2011. For the first time since Independence, urban areas have seen a greater growth in population than rural areas.

(b) The graph given in question indicates that the urban population and number of UA/towns in India are increasing.

(c) The term ‘industrialisation’ refers to the emergence of machine based production on the use of inanimate power resources like steam or electricity. On the other hand, the mechanism by which the urban population grows and people living in rural areas internalise the urban society’s a way of life is known as ‘urbanisation’.

Question 37.
Based on the given passage, answer the following question.
Civil Society is the non-state and non-market part of the public domain in which individuals get together voluntarily to create institutions and organisations. It is the sphere of active citizenship.
Individuals take up social issue, try to influence state or make demands on it, pursue their collective interests or seek support for a variety of causes.
(a) What is civil society? (3)
(b) What is the relevance of civil society organisations today?
Answer:
Civil society is an organisation that is not associated with government. Civil society is used in the sense of

1. The aggregate of non-governmental organisations and institutions that advance the interests and will of citizens.
2. Individuals and organisation in a society which are independent of the government.

(a) Civil society organisation play multiple roles. They are an important source of information for both citizens and government. They monitor government policies and actions and hold government accountable. They engage in advocacy and offer alternative policies for government, the private sector, and other institution.

(b) The main criteria for inclusion in civil society is that the organisation should not be state controlled and it should not be a purely profit-making entity. Today, the activists of civil society organisations have a wide range of issues including advocacy and lobbying activity with national and international agencies as well as active participation in various movements.

The issues taken up range from tribal struggles for land rights, devolution of urban governance, campaigns against rape and violence against women, primary education reform, etc. Media has also started to play an important role in the civil society initiatives. Among the most significant recent initiatives, is the campaign for the Right to Information.

Question 38.
Read the below mentioned statement and justify your answer.
‘The demographic advantage or ‘dividend’ to be derived from the age structure of the population is due to the fact that India is one of the youngest countries in the world.’
Answer:
The demographic advantage or ‘dividend’ to be gained from the population’s age structure is due to the fact that India is and will continue to be one of the world’s youngest countries. In the year 2000, a third of India’s population was under the age of 15. The average Indian will be 29 years old in 2020, compared to 37 years in China and the United States, 45 in Western Europe, and 48 in Japan. This means a strong and increasing labour force, which can provide unforeseen development and prosperity benefits.

The ‘demographic dividend’ is the product of a rise in the proportion of jobs in the population compared to non-workers. In terms of age, the working population is roughly comprised of those between the ages of 15 and 64. Changes in the age structure as a result of the demographic transition reduce the ‘dependency ratio,’ or the ratio of non-working to working-age people, allowing for growth.

However, this does not guarantee any benefits until properly utilised and planned development. If new entrants in labour are not educated, they are not productive, and if they are unemployed, they cannot earn becoming dependents themselves. India is thus, facing a window of opportunity created by the demographic dividend.